Plumes from the volcanoes can reach heights of over 300 kilometers (190 miles) above the surface. Voyagers saw nine separate eruptions on Io. Io is the only object in our solar system that directly opposes the Sun, orbiting Jupiter at a distance of 484 million miles (778 million kilometers).Īt Jupiter, active volcanism on Io is one of the most intriguing discoveries. Jupiter, who had fallen in love with Io, transformed himself into a dark cloud in order to hide from his jealous wife Juno. Jupiter’s jealous wife, Juno, was the wife of the god Jupiter. Voyager 1 flew over Io on March 5, 1979, at a distance of 129,600 kilometers (80,500 miles), approaching the island from the west. The sulfur dioxide clouds in the atmosphere could freeze and snow back to the surface. Sulfur dioxide has been detected on Io by Voyager 1’s infrared spectrometer. Voyager 2 captured this image of Io on July 9, 1979, in a distance of 1.2 million kilometers (745,700 miles). It is possible that the spot is a new type of feature on the moon, according to scientists. On Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io, there is a yellowish-white, 200-mile-diameter feature that has recently appeared.Ī smaller whitish spot appears around the same time frame in March 1994 as seen in this image. During Voyager’s mission, it flew past the Jovian system, took high-resolution photos of the moons, and conducted experiments to provide the first measurements of their dimensions and mass. Danish astronomer Ferdinand de Rothschild used eclipse timings from the Galilean satellites with Jupiter’s shadow to become the first to measure the speed of light in 1676. It generates electricity by moving through Jupiter’s magnetic field. Its mountains are 16 kilometers high, which is significantly higher than the height of any other mountain on the planet. Volcanic geysers shoot out sulfurous clouds that reach 500 kilometers high in this volcano. The Io region is one of the most mysterious places in the solar system. Io is thought to be about the same age as Earth’s Moon, which is about 4.5 billion years old. Pele is about the size of the state of Arizona and is the largest known volcanic feature in the Solar System. The most notable feature of Io’s surface is the enormous volcanic caldera called Pele. Io’s surface is covered in volcanoes, mountains, and plains. However, its surface is much more varied and interesting than that of the Moon. Io is about the same size as Earth’s Moon and has about the same amount of surface area. Since then, numerous other spacecraft have visited Io and have returned a wealth of data about the moon. The Galileo spacecraft, which orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003, provided the first direct evidence of Io’s volcanism. Io’s surface is also the most heavily cratered and is covered in a layer of sulfur dioxide frost. This activity is the result of tidal heating from Jupiter and the other Galilean moons.
Most notably, it is the only known body in the Solar System other than Earth that is volcanically active. It was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and was named after the mythological character Io, a priestess of Hera who became one of Zeus’ lovers. It is the fourth-largest moon in the Solar System, has the highest density of any moon, and has the lowest amount of water of any known astronomical body. Jupiter’s moon Io is the innermost and largest of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter.
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